Alif baa 3rd edition pdf download

Alif baa 3rd edition pdf download

Alif Baa 3rd Edition,Item Preview

Download PDF - Alif Baa 3rd Edition [6nq8j3kwo9nw]. Our Company. Columbia Road Wrangle Hill, DE + [email protected] Alif Baa 3rd Edition [6nq8j3kwo9nw] As of October 1, , all audio and video must be accessed through the companion websites. COMPANION WEBSITE INFORMATION AND ACCESS To access the audio and videos for alif-baa-third-edition-download 1/1 Downloaded from blogger.com on August 22, by guest Alif Baa Third Edition Download Recognizing the mannerism alifbaaintroduct00brus Identifier-ark ark://t08w4j66z Isbn Full catalog record MARCXML 2, Previews 18 Favorites DOWNLOAD OPTIONS 1 file ... read more

EMBED for wordpress. com hosted blogs and archive. Want more? Advanced embedding details, examples, and help! Publication date Topics Arabic language -- Writing , Arabic alphabet Publisher Georgetown University Press Collection inlibrary ; printdisabled ; internetarchivebooks ; china Digitizing sponsor Internet Archive Contributor Internet Archive Language English. org Scandate Scanner scribe org Scanningcenter shenzhen Worldcat source edition Show More. Full catalog record MARCXML. plus-circle Add Review. Dictation At home Watch the video and listen, then write the words you hear below. Watch as many times as necessary. Do not associate this sound with the English letters th, because the English spelling represents two quite distinct sounds, each of which has an Arabic equivalent. In unit 1 you practiced distinguish- ing between.

the sounds in three and that, now you begin to put that skill into practice. The letter C. Remember this by reminding yourself. that this letter has three dots, and say three out loud before pro- nouncing or reading V. Listening to V At home Listen to the sound of the letter 6 in the following words and repeat. Contrasting th and dh At home Listen to the difference between the sound V and the sound S dh in the following words. Listen to each pair several times until you can hear the difference clearly. Note also the frontal quality of both sounds.

and C. in all positions, except that it has three dots above. Watch Professor El-Shinnawi write C. and imitate his writing. Notice that he connects the three dots as a caret. In print the three dots appear as you see above but in handwriting the three dots are usually connected and written as a caret-shaped mark which can be slightly rounded as shown in the example below. Practice writing and saying independent C.. A Write final CA— : by copying the word kt.. Word recognition At home Listen to the audio to hear a word, then decide which of the two words in each pair that you heard and select that word. cAt 3. You have learned the first four letters of the Arabic alphabet. The next letters in sequence will be presented in unit 3. Now we will skip ahead to the other two long vowels and the symbols for the corresponding short vowels 3 uu This letter represents the second of the three long vowels in Arabic. It is pronounced like the exclamation of delight: ! Practice saying this sound and stretch it out, just like you would say the exclamation.

Don't be afraid to exaggerate vowel length—it will help you get used to thinking about vowel length. Remember that the pronunciation of 9 like that of alif, should be twice as long as normal English vowels. Listening to and pronouncing 9 At home Listen to and repeat the words containing 9. Give its full length in pronunciation. Writing 3- 3- 3 3 Like alif, this letter does not connect to any following letter, and therefore its shapes do not vary much. To write independent or initial 9, start on the line, loop clockwise to the left and up, then swing down into the tail, which should dip well below the line. Watch Professor El-Shinnawi and copy the example: o When writing 9 connected to a previous letter, the joining segment leads into the beginning point of the loop.

Copy the example: Now practice writing and pronouncing the word ". J O Drill 4. Re- member that this is a long vowel; pronounce this sound for twice as long as you would pronounce ee in words like beep, street. Practice by imitating the sound of a honking car horn: beeeeep! Exaggerate it to focus on hearing and pronouncing vowel length. O Listening Exercise 7. Hearing and pronouncing 6 At home Listen to and repeat the words containing 6, giving it full length in pronunciation. Like L All shapes of retain the two dots be- low, but in handwriting, the two dots underneath are usually drawn as a short horizon- tal bar, just like the dots on top of C. To write independent , start above the line and curve slightly upwards and around in an s-like shape. CCintinue below the line into a wide, flat curve as shown, and make sure to bring the tail all the way back up over the line: In final position start from the connecting segment on the line, and then make a small hook into the body.

In this position the letter is almost entirely below the line and has only a small curved hook before dipping into the wide, flat curve. and bring the tail all the way back up above the line: MOP When occurs at the beginning or in the middle of a word, it takes the same shape as V except that its two dots are below the body of the letter. Copy the ex- , ample of initial. Dictation At home Watch and listen to the video, then write below the words you hear. These , short vowels are shown above, where you can easily see and hear the correspondence: as alif is the long vowel corresponding to a fatHa , uu to u Damma , and ii to i kasra. The length of these short vowels corresponds to the length of most English vowels, and the length of the long vowels should be at least twice that of a short vowel. English has no long vowels so Arabic long vowels should sound and feel extra long to you. Do not worry about pronouncing a long vowel "too long"—stretch it out so that you can hear the difference.

It is important to learn to distinguish between the two lengths in listening and in speaking because vowel length often makes a difference in meaning, or, if mispronounced, renders the word unintelligible. Short vowels are indicated in Arabic script by symbols written above or below the consonant skeleton and dots. Remember: syllables in Arabic always begin with a consonant; by convention, short vowels are written above or below the consonant they follow Writing vowels is the third and final step in writing a word, after both the consonant skeleton and the dots have been completed. Of course, as you learned in unit 1, short vowels are usually not written at all; you have been writing words without them so far. Remember that vowel length affects word stress. Syllables with long vowels are almost always accented emphasized in pronunciation. Listening Exercise 8. Hearing vowel length At home Listen to and pronounce the differences in vowel length in the pairs of words you hear.

The first word in each pair contains a long vowel and the second word contains a short vowel. Word accent or stress will fall on the heavy syllable closest to the end of the word. If there is no heavy syllable, stress varies according to regional dialect. Egyptian word stress patterns are quite distinctive and usually fall on the penultimate syllable. Distinguishing between long and short vowels At home Listen to each pair of words and repeat several times until you can hear the difference between the long and short vowels. Select the letter that corresponds to the word that contains a long vowel.

Identifying long and short vowels At home Listen to the audio to hear a selection of words. For each question, select L if you hear one of the long vowels I , 3 or 6, or S if the word has only short vowels fatHa, , Damma, or kasra. L S a fatHa The short vowel that corresponds to alif is called fatHa. Like its long counterpart alif, fatHa ranges in quality from frontal to deep, depending on the quality of the con- sonants surrounding it. In its most frontal position, fatHa sounds like English e as in bet. Deep fatHa sounds like English u in but. Consonants L. The name fatHa means "open- ing", and refers to the shape of the mouth in pronouncing it: open.

Try it and see! Contrasting alif and fatHa At home Listen to and repeat the words containing alif and fatHa. Pay special attention to the difference in vowel length. Short vowels are written on top of the letter that precedes them, the first letter of the syllable. FatHa is written as a short, slanted line segment above its consonant, as in the word L. c Drill 8. FatHa dictation At home Listen to the words and write fatHa where you hear it. Zi u Dammal The short vowel that corresponds to 9 is called Damma and is pronounced like oo as in booth when it follows frontal consonants. When it is affected by deep consonants it is a little bit deeper, somewhat like oo in wool. Do not confuse this vowel with English o and u, which represent many different sounds, some of them closer to deep fatHa than to Damma.

Remember: English u in words like but and gum actually represents the sound of a deep fatHa, not a Damma. The name Damma refers to the correct shape of the mouth in pronunciation: rounding. If you keep your mouth rounded, you will pronounce Damma correctly. Hearing and pronouncing Damma Listen to and repeat the words containing Damma, rounding your mouth as you do so. Listen for two words that contain both Damma and waaw and practice the differ- ence in vowel length. J Writing Damma is written like a miniature 3 on top of the letter that precedes it, as in the word Loj. Imitate the motions that Professor El-Shinnawi uses to draw Damma and practice writing. As with fatHa and Damma, the exact pronunciation of kasra depends on surrounding consonants.

Frontal consonants like and k.. The name kasra, "break", refers to the fact that your mouth is slightly open in pronouncing it as opposed to the broad fatHa opening. Pronounce kasra and note that your mouth is slightly open, and not wide open. Pronouncing kasra At home Listen to and repeat the words that contain kasra. The kasra is written as a short, slanted line segment under the letter it follows, as in. Letter recognition In class To practice recognizing all the letters you have learned, go back to one of the vo- calized texts in unit 1 the Qur'an, the Bible, or the schoolbook and, with a partner, identify as many letters as you can.

Name the short vowels you see too. Drill Short vowel dictation At home Listen and write all of the short vowels in the words you hear. Listen as many times as necessary. Dictation At home Watch and listen to the video and write below the words you hear including all vowels. Reading aloud At-home preparation; in-class activation Read aloud each of the following words. Then listen to the audio to check your pronunciation. LA—A-4 — L! Letter connection At home Connect the letters to form words as shown in the example and pronounce them out loud as you write. Listen to and repeat each word many times until you can "hear" and pronounce each word easily.

Levantine , and ismak ee? Egyptian, note that the word "what? This polite form which literally means "your presence" is used in situations where you want to show respect to the person you are talking to, especially in Egypt. You will hear this expression used in the dialogues; practice using it in class. cal eia t. ebl ahlan wa ahlan biki sahlan to ahlan biiki ahlan fiiki a female reply to fa. i4 Lzi:plai you! itsharrafna tsharrafna tasharrafnaa you C. masculine inta inte anta you C wl ismuki 4. I from where? min ween? min min ayna? Meet someone new At-home preparation; in-class activation At home, actively study the new vocabulary by rehearsing the greetings and ques- tions that you will ask your classmates.

You can write them out but you will not be able to read from the paper in class, so remember to practice out loud. In class, go around the room and greet all of your classmates one by one, and if you do not know their names, find out! Listen and interact At home On the audio you will hear someone initiate a conversation with you. Respond out loud to the person's questions using as much Arabic as you can. More than one response is possible, so you can do this exercise as many times as you want to practice interacting. Cities in Egypt and Syria At home preparation; - in-class activation U 0 Krns 'IRAN 0 Miles Mediterranean Sea ISRA Gaza Port --atisicandarlyya. id al-qaahira Sinai maSr Red Sea Aswan The maps above show the major cities in Egypt and Syria. You will hear the Arabic names of some of these cities in the dialogues. Use the internet to find out more about one or two of them and report to your classmates.

Unit 2 c Drill Scene 2: HaDritak min maSr? At-home preparation; in-class activation Watch scene 2 according to these steps: 1. First listen: What are the two people doing? Do they know each other? How do you know? Second listen: What words and expressions do you hear this time? Before listening a third time, prepare your questions. What parts of the exchange do you want to understand more of? What do you think is happening in that section? Based on this hypothesis, what words and expressions do you expect to hear? Write what you think was said. In class, discuss the scene and go over any questions, then listen once more for activation, and act out the scene with your classmates. Culture: Shaking hands In social as well as in professional situations, it is polite to shake hands upon meeting or greeting another person of the same gender. The appropriateness of shaking hands with the opposite gender varies widely according to religious beliefs and personal practice.

If you are a male meeting a female, it is better to wait for her to extend her hand first, indicating that she wants to shake yours. In many regions children are taught to greet older, respected guests by shaking hands and leaning over to kiss or be kissed on both cheeks to welcome them into the home with warmth and respect. J1 I Unit Three In this unit: Letters e 3 and s as consonants sukuun —° Vocabulary and Conversation: Greeting people Culture: Expressions SabaaH il-khayr! and al-Hamdu li-llaah! Unit 3 Letters and Sounds The three new consonants you will learn in this unit represent the next three letters in the alphabet after C,:. Just as k.. share the same skeletal shape and are distinguished by the number and position of the dots, so these three letters have the same basic shapes and are distinguished by their dots.

Two of these three conso- nant sounds have no English equivalent. You can learn to pronounce them properly by practicing every day to develop the muscles you need to pronounce these sounds. In Iraq, the Gulf, and in many rural and Bedouin dialects, it is pronounced like jin jack In most of the Levant region and North Africa, it is pronounced like the French jin bonjour a sound often represented in English by s; as in pleasure or deci- sion. In Cairo, it is pronounced like the hard gin game. Variation of t At home Listen to the words as they are pronounced in the three dialect variations of t. ii Learn to recognize all three pronunciations of t, and choose one to use when speaking.

It is a good idea to choose at least one voice model to imitate for speaking in general, whether a teacher, friend or acquaintance, or some of the characters in the colloquial scenes. Choose the pronunciation of that your voice model uses. Notice that the independent and final shapes first and last above have a big "tail" that curves well below the line. In all positions the body of the letter retains its basic form that you see in the initial shape. The medial form shows what the looks like when it is connected on both sides. However, in handwriting, this letter and its sisters are connected in a different way than in print. Watch Professor El-Shinnawi write the shapes of and similar letters as you learn to write these letters and imitate the handwritten forms, not the print ones.

To write t alone, start at a point well above the line, make a small hook, then draw a line straight across, then change direction and swing down below the line into the tail. Follow the arrows and imitate the shape that you see: n To write in initial position, begin with the hook as you did above, then slant down toward the line into a point just above the line, and then, instead of curving down into the tail, continue into the connecting segment as shown: Practice writing the word V he brought : When this letter is connected on both sides, it takes the shape —?

However, it is not written this way by hand. Watch Professor El-Shinnawi write this shape and look at the example below. To write this letter in second position, after an initial, you must plan ahead because the connecting segment lies well above the line, at the highest point of this letter. This means that you need to end the previous letter above the line. As you can see, the combination? Copy the word LA , i written here:. In word-final position, t takes the same tail it has in the independent position. Watch Professor El-Shinnawi and copy the word. beige :. o 0 Drill 1. Dictation At home Using the video, write below the words you hear, including all vowels. Watch and listen as many times as necessary. t Haa The letter Haa represents a sound that is pronounced deep in the throat.

It has no equivalent in English. First, take a few minutes to become better acquainted with some of the throat muscles that you use often but not to speak English. The following ex- ercise is designed to make you aware of what these muscles can already do so that you can use them to speak Arabic. Practice this exercise as often as you can over the next two weeks or so until you can do it easily and your pronunciation of t has developed. Put your hand on your throat as you do this, and notice that your throat muscles are not moving at all. To pronounce t, you need to activate those muscles by tightening them on the inside so that you are constricting the air passage and blocking off air from the inside.

You should be able to feel the Adam's apple move. Make more raspy h sounds. Constrict the muscles so that air can just barely squeeze through your throat. When you do this successfully, it will produce t. Keep practicing contracting and relaxing the muscles using your hand to guide you. Most important, repeat this exercise as often as you can. t Pronouncing takes practice and concentration at first. The more you practice now, the sooner you will be able to say it easily. It is important to pronounce this sound correctly to distinguish it from the English h, which is a different letter in Arabic, because this difference affects meaning. Pronouncing t At home Listen to the sound of t in various positions and repeat until your pronunciation matches that of the speaker. It is written exactly like t , except that it has no dot.

Watch Professor El-Shinnawi and imitate the way he writes the various shapes of t. Practice writing initial t in the word 4. in below as it is writ- ten by hand not in print. Remember to plan ahead and write the preceding letter above the line so that you can connect. from above. Copy the example: Sometimes two of these letters oc- cur together in juxtaposition. Here, too, you must give yourself room to connect into the second letter by writing the first one well above the line. Do not break the skeletal structure of the word by lifting your pen. Copy the example and practice writing L. Final tr. is written with the tail. To pronounce t, say k and pay attention to where the back of your tongue hits the back of the roof of your mouth and cuts off the air flow the blocking and release is what makes the k sound. Instead of closing off the air flow with the back of your tongue completely, block it part way and you will be able to produce this sound.

Pronouncing t At home Listen to and repeat these words contain ing '. LA 2. tLi 4. A3 c Writing Like its sisters, t is a connector and its shapes are written exactly as the ones you learned for t t, and except that it takes one dot above. Recognizing z , , and t At home There are twelve words, each containing , t , or t. Listen to each word on the audio, then select the letter you hear. Q Drill 4. Letter connection At home Connect the following letters to form words. Drill 6. Reading aloud At-home preparation; in-class activation Read each of the following words aloud, paying special attention to vowel length and the sounds t and t.

Then, check your pronunciation by listening to the audio. The word sukuun means "silence", and a sukuun indicates the absence of a vowel following the consonant it is written on. So far, you have learned to use fatHa, Damma, and kasra over consonants to indicate short vowels, or I 9 and L5 to indicate long vowels. In fully vowelled texts, the absence of a vowel is marked so that all consonants have at least one marking. If no vowel follows the consonant, like th in tathbiit, a sukuun is written to indicate that the syllable ends there. After a medial sukuun, a new syllable begins, so a medial sukuun must be followed by a consonant. To see how sukuun works, listen to and study the words shown below in Arabic script and in transliteration broken down syllable by syllable. Note that every syllable that ends in a consonant takes a sukuun, indicating that there is no vowel and hence no new syllable. taH - taj takh - tii 2. L7 tuth — bi - tii. v baH - thii Listening Exercise 4.

Reading sukuun At home Listen to the words you studied above and practice reading them by syllable. Writing 0 Like the short vowel symbols, the sukuun is rarely used in unvowelled or partially vowelled texts. When it is written, it appears as a small open circle above a letter not followed by a vowel. In writing sukuun, make sure to draw a closed circle and not a Damma or a dot. It also has a second function related to the first one: When preceded or followed by a long, or short vowel, this letter is pronounced was in well, or as in the name of the letter: waaw. To see how these two sounds are related, pronounce oo and hold it then go right into a.

You will hear a w sound connecting the two vowels. At the beginning of a word, 3 will always be pronounced w because Arabic words cannot begin with a vowel. Remember: any vowel, short or long, preceding or following 3 turns it into a consonant. Listening Exercise 5. Pronouncing 9 At home Listen to and repeat the words containing consonant 3. LAP' 13 3. You know that English w can occur with vowels in diphthongs, such as ow in grow. Similarly, Arabic 3 combines with fatHa to form the diphthong 3- 3 preceded by a fatHa. In spoken Arabic this combination makes a sound similar to ow in grow. The sound of this diphthong in formal Arabic has no exact equivalent in English but falls somewhere between owin grow and owin now.

in Listen to the examples and practice saying this sound aloud. Unit 3 Listening Exercise 6. Hearing and pronouncing At home 0, Listen to the sound of the diphthong 3- in these words and repeat: t. t93 0. In unvowelled , texts the fatHa, or the sukuun, or both, may be omitted. Say eeeeee and go right into a and you will hear yourself say yaa. Listening Exercise 7. The sukuun alone may be written on VC' to indicate this diphthong, or the fatHa may be used, or both sukuun and fatHa. Thus there are three different ways of vocalizing the word CA.! Hearing and pronouncing At home Listen to the sound of the diphthong —A— and repeat. Dictation At home Watch and listen to the video and write below the words you hear, including all vowels and sukuun.

Reading aloud At-home preparation; in-class activation Read each of the following words aloud. Dictation At home Watch the video and write below the words you hear, including all vowels. Learning vocabulary, on the other hand, is a process that takes much longer. Ultimately, your fluency in Arabic will depend more than anything else on the range and accuracy of your vocabulary. As the vocabulary lists accumulate, you will need to develop good strategies for active vocabulary acquisition. By "active" we mean that you have not really learned a word unless you can produce it as well as understand it in context. The drills and exercises in this book that you do at home and in class are meant to help you in the process of activating vocabulary and to show you various strategies and activities that may be useful for you to do on your own. Studying or reviewing vocabulary should be part of your daily life, and it does not need to be done at a desk.

We believe that the most efficient strategies for learning vocabulary are those that combine mechanical and creative activities in multiple modes. Notice, for example, that staring at the vocabulary chart is much less productive than reading, listening, and repeating the words aloud. Another good practice is to write the word five to ten times in Arabic script as much as you can and to pronounce words simultaneously. The creative part of vocabulary work comes in the form of your own production, both speaking and writing. You will remember best the words that you "own," that have become part of your world. For every word you learn, think about what you can say with it that relates to your life. You talk with your classmates in class; at home you can talk to yourself, or the cat, the dog, or even the goldfish.

Write to a real or imaginary person, to your classmate or teacher, or just to yourself. The important thing is that you create with the words you are learning. It does not matter if what you say is not entirely correct—accuracy will develop over time, and you will learn to monitor and correct yourself. One final point to keep in mind is that you will not be able to express everything that you want to right now Resist the temptation to ask for or look up extra new words, because this actually slows down your progression to fluency. You will find the masculine and feminine forms of "How are you? From now on, masculine and feminine forms of nouns and adjectives will be listed together, separated by a slash, with the masculine form preceding the feminine form.

covering house C rtt1-' dear, darling my female y; dear, darling ti. i, Good s CLI,; a 4 1 tl s; morning! SabaaH it-kheer SabaaH it-kheer SabaaH al-khayr response JP' tL. JP' ti t' J9 3 JI Z. signal that kayfa al-Haal? response cLb la.. great, fine flal jayyid. OK Lo maashi O 1. Io haada JAca 13,ib da hayda I,.. L4s1 haadhaa. s this fern. icb haadhihi good masc. kuwayyis 0°. kuwayyisa a. AP" can be used with anyone you love, including children, parents, and close friends. Vocabulary matching At home This exercise is found at www. com only. Listen to the vocabulary words and match them to the corresponding picture. Vocabulary practice At-home preparation; in-class activation Ask your classmates questions with new and old vocabulary and answer their questions. Greet them first, introduce yourself if you have not worked with them before, and ask them how they are. Remember to think about the gender of the person you are talking to.

Questions you can ask include: Where is your house? Where is your book? Where is your homework? What is your news? When you have gotten all the information you can from the first person, find a new partner and repeat. Listen and interact At home Listen to the scene on the audio where you encounter someone you know who will initiate a conversation with you. Reply out loud, greet him or her, and respond to the person's questions using as much Arabic as you can. Scene 3A: izzay Hadritik? and Scene 3B: SabaaH 1 Kheer At-home preparation; in-class activation - Watch scenes 3A and 3B in these steps: 1. Third listen: Before listening a third time, prepare your questions. Write down what you think was said. In class, discuss the scenes with your classmates and go over any questions. Listen once more to prepare for activation, then have a "reception" in which you arrive one by one and mingle, greet and ask about each other. In Arab culture it is considered rude not to say good morning, good evening, or hello to people you know, even casually, the first time you see them each day.

Handshaking is not usually a daily practice but is used whenever one wants to convey a warm greeting, no matter what the reason. Same-gender kissing on the cheeks once on each cheek in most places, but local practices vary is another greeting practice you will see and experience, especially in the context of welcoming someone. It is a sign of warmth, welcome, and respect within the parameters of the extended family and in circles of good friends. Close friends of the same gender kiss each other on the cheeks if they have not seen each other for a while, or if one has returned from a trip, or on any special occasion where extra warmth is warranted. Literally Praise Be to God, Thank God, al-Hamdu li-llaah is one of the most widely used phrases in Arabic by people of all religious backgrounds. Its most common uses are a in response to How are you? whether or not one is well, because God is to be thanked at all times; b upon finishing a meal, to signal that one has had enough, and c upon successfully completing a task or learning of a positive outcome.

All of these consonants are nonconnectors, that is, they do not connect to a following letter. You will also learn how to say and write the numerals , and practice introducing people to others. hamza In unit 3 you learned that 3 and l5 sometimes function as consonants, representing the sounds w and y. They function this way whenever they are at the beginning of a word, as in the words L. c Drill 4. Scene 1: Ahlan wa sahlan Formal and Colloquial In class In scene 1, people from across the Arab world introduce themselves. There are two versions, one formal Arabic and one spoken Arabic. Choose one to start with and watch it several times according to the following steps: 1. Before listening, ask yourself, "What do I expect to hear? First listen: Listen to see if your expectations are met. What do you hear?

Second listen: Which greetings do you recognize? Third listen: What kinds of information do the speakers give? How do they express it, and what do you notice about the phrasing? Fourth listen: Activate some of what you learned by introducing yourself to some of your classmates. After you have understood and activated the variety you chose to begin with, listen to the other variety. What similarities and differences do you notice? The same principle also applies to a loosely defined "space" that someone regularly occupies, such as an outdoor work area or a guard's position outside a building.

When you enter a space that is occupied, you must say hello. Whether or not you greet a guard or shopkeeper as you pass by depends primarily on your gender. In general, women do not say hello to men they do not know if they are not conducting business with them. Practice polite behavior by always saying hello to anyone in the room when you enter your Arabic class. J1 Unit Two In this unit: Consonants Alif has two functions, the first of which will be introduced here, and the second will be discussed in unit 3. Here we are concerned with its function as a long vowel whose pronunciation ranges in sound from the e in bet to the a in bat to the u in but.

Say these three words aloud and notice the difference in the quality of the vowels: the first is pronounced in the front of the mouth, the second slightly lower, and the last low in the mouth. The pronunciation of alif has a similar range; we refer to these differences in pronunciation as vowel quality. Two factors influence the vowel quality of alif: regional dialect and surrounding consonants. In the eastern regions of the Arab world such as the Arabian Peninsula and Iraq, the sound of alif is generally deeper, similar to father, whereas farther west, especially in North Africa, it tends to be frontal and at times it approximates the sound of e in bet. You will notice this regional variation when you interact with Arabic speakers from different countries. The other reason for variation in the quality of alif has to do with surrounding consonants.

Arabic has several "emphatic" consonant sounds that are pronounced farther back in the mouth, and these consonants deepen the sound of a neighboring alif so that it resembles the u in but. Learning to discern and produce this difference in vowel quality will help you understand, speak, and write Arabic accurately. The following exercises will get you started, but remember to keep paying attention to vowel quality as you work through this book. Frontal and deep alif At home To hear the frontal and deep variants of alif, listen to the following pairs of words by clicking on them. The first word in each pair contains a frontal alif that contrasts with the deep alif in the second. Listen to and repeat these sounds aloud several times until you can hear the difference clearly and produce it.

These deeper sounds are often called emphatic consonants, and they affect the pronunciation of surrounding vowel sounds. Listening for the difference between frontal and deep alif is the best way to distinguish between emphatic and nonemphatic consonants. We will discuss this point in more depth in unit 5, when you begin to learn the emphatic letters. Hearing frontal and deep alif At home Each word you will hear contains an alif. Say the word aloud as you listen to it and decide whether the alif is frontal or deep. Select F if the alif is frontal and D if it is deep. D F In addition to vowel quality, Arabic also distinguishes vowel length, and this too can affect the meaning of a word. In Listening Exercise 1, you can hear that the alif is a long vowel. In the very last word, DHaalim, you can hear the contrast in vowel length between the long alif in the first syllable and the short vowel i in the second. Notice that the stress or word accent in DHaalim is on the first syllable, the one with alif.

Long vowels attract word stress in Arabic. We will practice hearing and pronouncing this distinction later in this unit. Writing L L I 1 The letters above are, from right to left, the independent, initial, medial, and final shapes of the letter alif. In this section you will learn to write the various shapes of the letter alif. Watch calligrapher and professor of Arabic Sayyid El-Shinnawi write the shapes of alif as you read and write this section, and learn to draw the letters using the same hand motions he does. Practice on the blank lines below, copying the example on the first line, pronouncing alif as you write it as many times as you can in the space provided: When the alif follows another letter, it is written from the bottom up.

The previous letter will end in a connecting segment drawn on the line. Start with that segment, then draw the alif from the bottom up as shown: 0 In both cases the alif does not connect to what follows it. Always pick your pen up from the page after writing alif. Now practice reading alif by circling all of the alifs you can find in the following sentence taken from Nights : J J-c[. This consonant lends a frontal quality to vowels. At home Listen to and repeat the words containing L. focusing on the frontal quality of the vowels. LA— 3. kittig 5. CAA', 6. Watch Professor El-Shinnawi write the shapes of this letter as you read and write this section, and imitate his hand movements.

Unlike alit, this is a connecting letter, which means that it connects to any letter following it in the same word. The main parts of the letter, the initial tooth and the dot beneath the body, remain constant in all four shapes. Compare the independent and final shapes, and note that both end in a second tooth. Think of this tooth as the "tail" of the letter that is used when it occurs at the end of a word. It is not written in initial and medial always connects to the following letter in those cases. positions because the letter When written alone, this letter takes the independent shape shown above. Following the steps shown in the example on the first line below, trace the letter with your pencil a few times, and then write it.

First, write the body: from right to left, begin with a small hook, then continue straight along the line and end with another hook for the tail. After you have finished the body, place the dot below the letter as shown you can associate the sound b with the dot below the letter. Copy and practice: L. When writing this and other connecting dotted letters, you should place the dot more or less in vertical alignment with the initial tooth of the letter. The exact length of the body and placement of the dot may vary somewhat according to the style of the handwriting or print font; study the various styles you see and imitate the one that suits you. Now write the first two letters of the alphabet joined together: L. Do not pick up the pen to cross the — until you have finished writing the alif joined to it.

Copy the example and pronounce it aloud:. occurs in medial position, connecting segments link it to previous and following ones as shown. This will become clearer when you learn a few more letters. Copy the example: 4. Practice writing this word by copying the example shown below, pronouncing it out loud as you write. Remember: Do not stop to dot the letters until you have finished the skeletal structure of the entire word. As you work through this book, remember to pronounce the words and expressions you write out loud as you write them, preferably more than once. Develop the habit of writing and saying words out loud simultaneously rather than writing silently. This practice helps to reinforce the connection between sound and shape, to build reading skills, and to memorize vocabulary faster. How many different ways do you pronounce t? Read the following list aloud the way you would normally pronounce the words when speaking bottle, teeth, automatic.

Of these words, most American speakers pronounce the t in teeth forward in the mouth, against the back of the teeth. This is the correct position of the tongue and not the flap of the tongue you use to produce bottle and automatic for the pronunciation of this Arabic sound. Arabic C. is a frontal letter, the vowel sounds surrounding it are frontal too; in particular, the alif sounds like e as in bet and not like u in but. Listening Exercise 3. Pronouncing C.. and repeat. Pay attention to the position of your tongue as you do so and notice the frontal quality of the vowels. Ca 1J 3. Vji 4. This letter has the same shapes as the V in all positions, and it is also a connector. Instead of one dot underneath, however, it is written with two dots above its body C.

In printed text the two dots are separated, as you see. In handwriting, however, they are often run together into a short horizontal bar this depends in part on individual practice. Try to write two dots quickly and you will see how this handwriting form developed. Practice writing the independent C. by copying the example: IOW 'Aspiration refers to the breathy sound often heard with t, p, and k. Light a match, hold it in front of your mouth, and say, "Peter, Tom, and Kirk went to town. Arabic sounds do not have aspiration, so practice saying t and k with a lit match in front of your mouth until you can pronounce them without making the flame flicker. Practice writing C.. in final position by copying the word Cr.? bit : Drill 2. Dictation At home Watch the video and listen, then write the words you hear below. Watch as many times as necessary. Do not associate this sound with the English letters th, because the English spelling represents two quite distinct sounds, each of which has an Arabic equivalent.

In unit 1 you practiced distinguishing between. the sounds in three and that, now you begin to put that skill into practice. The letter C. Remember this by reminding yourself. that this letter has three dots, and say three out loud before pronouncing or reading V. Listening to V At home Listen to the sound of the letter 6 in the following words and repeat. Contrasting th and dh At home Listen to the difference between the sound V and the sound S dh in the following words. Listen to each pair several times until you can hear the difference clearly. Note also the frontal quality of both sounds.

and C. in all positions, except that it has three dots above. Watch Professor El-Shinnawi write C. and imitate his writing. Notice that he connects the three dots as a caret. In print the three dots appear as you see above but in handwriting the three dots are usually connected and written as a caret-shaped mark which can be slightly rounded as shown in the example below. Practice writing and saying independent C.. A Write final CA— : by copying the word kt.. Word recognition At home Listen to the audio to hear a word, then decide which of the two words in each pair that you heard and select that word.

cAt 3. You have learned the first four letters of the Arabic alphabet. The next letters in sequence will be presented in unit 3. Now we will skip ahead to the other two long vowels and the symbols for the corresponding short vowels 3 uu This letter represents the second of the three long vowels in Arabic. It is pronounced like the exclamation of delight: ! Practice saying this sound and stretch it out, just like you would say the exclamation. Don't be afraid to exaggerate vowel length—it will help you get used to thinking about vowel length. Remember that the pronunciation of 9 like that of alif, should be twice as long as normal English vowels. Give its full length in pronunciation. To write independent or initial 9, start on the line, loop clockwise to the left and up, then swing down into the tail, which should dip well below the line.

Watch Professor El-Shinnawi and copy the example: o When writing 9 connected to a previous letter, the joining segment leads into the beginning point of the loop. Copy the example: Now practice writing and pronouncing the word k.. J O Drill 4. Remember that this is a long vowel; pronounce this sound for twice as long as you would pronounce ee in words like beep, street. Practice by imitating the sound of a honking car horn: beeeeep! Exaggerate it to focus on hearing and pronouncing vowel length. O Listening Exercise 7. Hearing and pronouncing Listen to and repeat the words containing 1. J " 6 At home 6, giving it full length in pronunciation. Like L All shapes of low, but in handwriting, the two dots underneath are usually drawn as a short horizontal bar, just like the dots on top of C. start above the line and curve slightly upwards and To write independent around in an s-like shape.

CCintinue below the line into a wide, flat curve as shown, and make sure to bring the tail all the way back up over the line: , In final position start from the connecting segment on the line, and then make a small hook into the body. In this position the letter is almost entirely below the line and has only a small curved hook before dipping into the wide, flat curve. and bring the tail all the way back up above the line: MOP occurs at the beginning or in the middle of a word, it takes the same When shape as V except that its two dots are below the body of the letter. Copy the example of initial. in the word " tathbiit : A ON 32 2 Unq 2 0 Drill 5. Dictation At home Watch and listen to the video, then write below the words you hear.

These short vowels are shown above, where you can easily see and hear the correspondence: as alif is the long vowel corresponding to a fatHa , uu to u Damma , and ii to i kasra. The length of these short vowels corresponds to the length of most English vowels, and the length of the long vowels should be at least twice that of a short vowel. English has no long vowels so Arabic long vowels should sound and feel extra long to you. Do not worry about pronouncing a long vowel "too long"—stretch it out so that you can hear the difference. It is important to learn to distinguish between the two lengths in listening and in speaking because vowel length often makes a difference in meaning, or, if mispronounced, renders the word unintelligible.

Short vowels are indicated in Arabic script by symbols written above or below the consonant skeleton and dots. Remember: syllables in Arabic always begin with a consonant; by convention, short vowels are written above or below the consonant they follow Writing vowels is the third and final step in writing a word, after both the consonant skeleton and the dots have been completed. Of course, as you learned in unit 1, short vowels are usually not written at all; you have been writing words without them so far. Remember that vowel length affects word stress. Syllables with long vowels are almost always accented emphasized in pronunciation. Hearing vowel length At home Listen to and pronounce the differences in vowel length in the pairs of words you hear. The first word in each pair contains a long vowel and the second word contains a short vowel. Word accent or stress will fall on the heavy syllable closest to the end of the word.

If there is no heavy syllable, stress varies according to regional dialect. Egyptian word stress patterns are quite distinctive and usually fall on the penultimate syllable. Distinguishing between long and short vowels At home Listen to each pair of words and repeat several times until you can hear the difference between the long and short vowels. Select the letter that corresponds to the word that contains a long vowel. Identifying long and short vowels At home Listen to the audio to hear a selection of words. For each question, select L if you hear one of the long vowels I , 3 or 6, or S if the word has only short vowels fatHa, Damma, or kasra.

L S , a fatHa The short vowel that corresponds to alif is called fatHa. Like its long counterpart alif, fatHa ranges in quality from frontal to deep, depending on the quality of the consonants surrounding it. In its most frontal position, fatHa sounds like English e as in bet. Deep fatHa sounds like English u in but. Consonants L. The name fatHa means "opening", and refers to the shape of the mouth in pronouncing it: open. Try it and see! Contrasting alif and fatHa At home Listen to and repeat the words containing alif and fatHa. Pay special attention to the difference in vowel length. J Unit 2 Writing. Short vowels are written on top of the letter that precedes them, the first letter of the syllable. FatHa is written as a short, slanted line segment above its consonant, as in the word L.

c Drill 8. FatHa dictation At home Listen to the words and write fatHa where you hear it. Zi u Dammal The short vowel that corresponds to 9 is called Damma and is pronounced like oo as in booth when it follows frontal consonants. When it is affected by deep consonants it is a little bit deeper, somewhat like oo in wool. Do not confuse this vowel with English o and u, which represent many different sounds, some of them closer to deep fatHa than to Damma. Remember: English u in words like but and gum actually represents the sound of a deep fatHa, not a Damma.

The name Damma refers to the correct shape of the mouth in pronunciation: rounding. If you keep your mouth rounded, you will pronounce Damma correctly. Hearing and pronouncing Damma Listen to and repeat the words containing Damma, rounding your mouth as you do so. Listen for two words that contain both Damma and waaw and practice the difference in vowel length. J Writing Damma is written like a miniature 3 on top of the letter that precedes it, as in the word Loj. Imitate the motions that Professor El-Shinnawi uses to draw Damma and practice writing. As with fatHa and Damma, the exact pronunciation of kasra depends on surrounding consonants.

Frontal consonants like and k.. The name kasra, "break", refers to the fact that your mouth is slightly open in pronouncing it as opposed to the broad fatHa opening. Pronounce kasra and note that your mouth is slightly open, and not wide open. Pronouncing kasra At home Listen to and repeat the words that contain kasra. The kasra is written as a short, slanted line segment under the letter it follows, as in. Letter recognition In class To practice recognizing all the letters you have learned, go back to one of the vocalized texts in unit 1 the Qur'an, the Bible, or the schoolbook and, with a partner, identify as many letters as you can. Name the short vowels you see too. Drill Short vowel dictation At home Listen and write all of the short vowels in the words you hear. Listen as many times as necessary. Dictation At home Watch and listen to the video and write below the words you hear including all vowels.

Reading aloud At-home preparation; in-class activation Read aloud each of the following words. Then listen to the audio to check your pronunciation. LA—A-4 — L! Letter connection At home Connect the letters to form words as shown in the example and pronounce them out loud as you write. Listen to and repeat each word many times until you can "hear" and pronounce each word easily. Levantine , and ismak ee? Egyptian, note that the word "what? This polite form which literally means "your presence" is used in situations where you want to show respect to the person you are talking to, especially in Egypt. You will hear this expression used in the dialogues; practice using it in class. Meaning maSri door LA ism reply to ahlan wa sahlan to a male reply to ahlan wa sahlan to a female reply to assalaamu calaykum L. eia l. I ahlan biik ow ' ism ee?

cb I ahlan fiiki el. wa c alaykumu s-salaam e. g, 3 wa c alaykunnu s-salaam Unit 2 Meaning you polite form, to a male you polite form, to a female shaami maSri e.. i4 tsharrafna C. from where? yes aywa ismak - ismik. wl min ween? min L. no ismi ai,.. inti -i HaDratuki anta C my possessive suffix my name dA-pil. inte inti d I min ayna? Meet someone new At-home preparation; in-class activation At home, actively study the new vocabulary by rehearsing the greetings and questions that you will ask your classmates. You can write them out but you will not be able to read from the paper in class, so remember to practice out loud. In class, go around the room and greet all of your classmates one by one, and if you do not know their names, find out! Listen and interact At home On the audio you will hear someone initiate a conversation with you.

Respond out loud to the person's questions using as much Arabic as you can. More than one response is possible, so you can do this exercise as many times as you want to practice interacting. Cities in Egypt and Syria At home preparation; in-class activation - U 0 0 'IRAN Krns Miles Mediterranean Sea ISRA Gaza --atisicandarlyya. al-qaahira maSr Port id Sinai Red Sea Aswan The maps above show the major cities in Egypt and Syria. You will hear the Arabic names of some of these cities in the dialogues. Use the internet to find out more about one or two of them and report to your classmates. Unit 2 c Drill Scene 2: HaDritak min maSr? At-home preparation; in-class activation Watch scene 2 according to these steps: 1. First listen: What are the two people doing? Do they know each other? How do you know? Second listen: What words and expressions do you hear this time? Before listening a third time, prepare your questions.

What parts of the exchange do you want to understand more of? What do you think is happening in that section? Based on this hypothesis, what words and expressions do you expect to hear? Write what you think was said. In class, discuss the scene and go over any questions, then listen once more for activation, and act out the scene with your classmates. Culture: Shaking hands In social as well as in professional situations, it is polite to shake hands upon meeting or greeting another person of the same gender. The appropriateness of shaking hands with the opposite gender varies widely according to religious beliefs and personal practice. If you are a male meeting a female, it is better to wait for her to extend her hand first, indicating that she wants to shake yours.

In many regions children are taught to greet older, respected guests by shaking hands and leaning over to kiss or be kissed on both cheeks to welcome them into the home with warmth and respect. J1 I Unit Three In this unit: Letters e 3 and s as consonants sukuun —° Vocabulary and Conversation: Greeting people Culture: Expressions SabaaH il-khayr! and al-Hamdu li-llaah! Unit 3 Letters and Sounds The three new consonants you will learn in this unit represent the next three letters share the same skeletal shape and in the alphabet after. Just as , , and are distinguished by the number and position of the dots, so these three letters have the same basic shapes and are distinguished by their dots. Two of these three consonant sounds have no English equivalent. You can learn to pronounce them properly by practicing every day to develop the muscles you need to pronounce these sounds. In Iraq, the Gulf, and in many rural and Bedouin dialects, it is pronounced like jin jack In most of the Levant region and North Africa, it is pronounced like the French jin bonjour a sound often represented in English by s; as in pleasure or decision.

In Cairo, it is pronounced like the hard gin game. Variation of t At home Listen to the words as they are pronounced in the three dialect variations of 1. ii t, and choose one to use when Learn to recognize all three pronunciations of speaking. It is a good idea to choose at least one voice model to imitate for speaking in general, whether a teacher, friend or acquaintance, or some of the characters in the colloquial scenes. Choose the pronunciation of that your voice model uses. Notice that the These letters show the shapes of independent and final shapes first and last above have a big "tail" that curves well below the line. In all positions the body of the letter retains its basic form that you see in the initial shape. The medial form shows what the looks like when it is connected on both sides. However, in handwriting, this letter and its sisters are connected in a different way than in print. Watch Professor El-Shinnawi write the shapes of and similar letters as you learn to write these letters and imitate the handwritten forms, not the print ones.

To write t alone, start at a point well above the line, make a small hook, then draw a line straight across, then change direction and swing down below the line into the tail. Follow the arrows and imitate the shape that you see: n in initial position, begin with the hook as you did above, then slant To write down toward the line into a point just above the line, and then, instead of curving down into the tail, continue into the connecting segment as shown: Practice writing the word V he brought : When this letter is connected on both sides, it takes the shape —? However, it is not written this way by hand. Watch Professor El-Shinnawi write this shape and look at the example below. To write this letter in second position, after an initial, you must plan ahead because the connecting segment lies well above the line, at the highest point of this letter.

This means that you need to end the previous letter above the line. As you can see, the combination? You will notice that Professor El-Shinnawi draws the "tooth" of 47 Unit 3 the initial. Copy the word LA. In word-final position, t takes the same tail it has in the independent position. Watch Professor El-Shinnawi and copy. beige : the word. o 0 Drill 1. Dictation At home Using the video, write below the words you hear, including all vowels. Watch and listen as many times as necessary. t Haa The letter Haa represents a sound that is pronounced deep in the throat. It has no equivalent in English. First, take a few minutes to become better acquainted with some of the throat muscles that you use often but not to speak English.

The following exercise is designed to make you aware of what these muscles can already do so that you can use them to speak Arabic. Practice this exercise as often as you can over the next two weeks or so until you can do it easily and your pronunciation of t has developed. Put your hand on your throat as you do this, and notice that your throat muscles are not moving at all. you need to activate those muscles by tightening them on the To pronounce inside so that you are constricting the air passage and blocking off air from the inside. You should be able to feel the Adam's apple move. Make more raspy h sounds. Constrict the muscles so that air can just barely squeeze through your throat.

When you do this Keep practicing contracting and relaxing the muscles successfully, it will produce using your hand to guide you. Most important, repeat this exercise as often as you can. Pronouncing takes practice and concentration at first. The more you practice now, the sooner you will be able to say it easily. It is important to pronounce this sound correctly to distinguish it from the English h, which is a different letter in Arabic, because this difference affects meaning. t Listening Exercise 2. Pronouncing t At home t in various positions and repeat until your pronunciation Listen to the sound of matches that of the speaker.

It is written exactly like no dot. Watch Professor El-Shinnawi and imitate the way he writes the various shapes darling : in the word of. Practice writing initial , t t 4. in ten by hand not in print. Remember to plan ahead and write the preceding letter above the line so that you can connect. from above. Copy the example: Sometimes two of these letters occur together in juxtaposition. Here, too, you must give yourself room to connect into the second letter by writing the first one well above the line. Do not break the skeletal structure of the word by lifting your pen. Copy the example and practice writing L. as it is written, starting Final tr. is written with the tail. To pronounce and pay attention to where the back of your tongue hits the back of the roof of your mouth and cuts off the air flow the blocking and release is what makes the k sound. Instead of closing off the air flow with the back of your tongue completely, block it part way and you will be able to produce this sound.

t, Listening Exercise 3. Pronouncing t At home Listen to and repeat these words contain ing '. LA 2. Recognizing z , , and t At home There are twelve words, each containing , audio, then select the letter you hear. Listen to each word on the Drill 4. Letter connection At home Connect the following letters to form words. Drill 6.

This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA. Home current Explore. Home Alif Baa 3rd Edition Alif Baa 3rd Edition Uploaded by: ha di 0 0 October PDF Bookmark Embed Share Print Download. Words: 51, Pages: and al-Hamdu li-llaah1 60 60 61 64 Unit Four eise Culture: At the Coffeehouse Letters and Sounds: Part Two cayn New Vocabulary 2 Unit Seven eise. a 1 Vocabulary and Conversation: Describing People New Vocabulary Culture. Jim hlan wa S ahlan! Welcome to Arabic! This textbook, Alf Baa, represents the first in a series of textbooks aimed at teaching Arabic to English-speaking students, followed by Al-Kitaab fii Ta callum al-cArabiyya I, II, and III. The present book aims to help you learn to pronounce the sounds of Arabic and write its letters, and to begin speaking Arabic.

Unit 1 will give you an overview of Arabic, and units 2 through 10 will introduce you to the letters, sounds, and symbols that make up the Arabic writing system. In addition to the sounds and letters of Arabic, Alit Baa will introduce and help you master over two hundred words of basic vocabulary, including important expressions for polite interaction with speakers of Arabic. The materials are designed for you to prepare at home and come to class ready to speak, read, and write using what you have studied outside class. Everyone learns at his or her own pace, and class time is limited, so it will be much more efficient for you to prepare the material, listen, and practice at your own speed. The textbook and accompanying media are designed to give you everything you need to study and learn the sounds, letters, and vocabulary. Alif Baa is accompanied by audio, video, and interactive exercises available on a companion website, wwwalkitaabtextbook.

com, to be used outside of class. We have designed the book to work best with the companion website, and we encourage you and your teachers to use it. Each book also includes a DVD with the same audio and video that is on the website and everything that is needed to complete all of the exercises, in case you do not have reliable internet access. You know to turn to the DVD or website when you see the 0. The website can be used by independent learners or by a class, as most of the exercises are instantly graded for immediate feedback. In addition to audio and video exercises and activities, you will watch a calligrapher write the letters so that you have a model to follow as you work through them.

The materials also contain some print examples of authentic or "real-life" Arabic from various sources, and we have included short cultural notes that explain some aspects of the situations that you will see in the scenes. You will find English—Arabic and Arabic—English glossaries at the end of the book that include all the words and expressions introduced in the book as active vocabulary. Please read the introductions to the glossaries before using them because each glossary is designed for specific purposes. All of the listening and writing exercises in Alif Baa are designed as homework for you to do in preparation for class.

This approach allows you to study and learn at your own pace and saves class time for interactive activities. A feature that is new in this third edition of the program are a number of interactive, autocorrecting exercises on the interactive media that give you immediate feedback. It is very important that you work through all of these exercises as thoroughly as you can, and that you tell your instructor if you are having trouble with them in the form of many missed answers, or if you feel that you are just guessing and not answering. Your instructor should collect from you and check the dictation and letter- Preface to the Student connection exercises to check on your progress.

In this edition the dictation exercises are recorded in video rather than audio so that you can take advantage of the visual clues to help you hear and write the words correctly. We believe that it is crucial for you to learn to recognize and produce Arabic sounds accurately from the outset for several reasons. First, you must learn to pronounce Arabic correctly in order to communicate effectively with Arabic speakers. Second, Arabic sounds are not very difficult. Many nonnative speakers have learned to pronounce Arabic sounds accurately as adults, and you should expect to do so as well.

Third, it is important to learn the sounds correctly now when you have the time to concentrate on them; later you will be concentrating on other aspects of the language, such as vocabulary and grammar. Fourth, the Arabic language is structured around groups of consonant sounds that carry meaning, so the ability to recognize sounds accurately when you hear them will greatly enhance your ability to understand, learn, and remember vocabulary. Fifth, Arabic is largely phonetic, which means that if you learn the sounds correctly now, you will not suffer from spelling headaches later. These materials include three different varieties of Arabic: The spoken Arabic of Cairo, the spoken Arabic of Damascus, and formal Arabic.

Your instructor will decide which form or forms he or she wants you to activate, or learn to produce. You may want to listen to other varieties for exposure. You will notice that much of the vocabulary is shared but that some words differ from one variety or another. The key to dealing with the richness of variation in Arabic is to differentiate between what you recognize and what you use actively. Choose one form to use actively and leave the others for recognition. This is what native speakers do when they interact with people from other countries, and it is an important skill to develop. We hope that the following principles will help you use these materials as they were designed to be used: 1 Study actively and interactively.

Studying actively means that you are producing something, whether you are repeating sounds and words out loud, writing words, or creating sentences. Practice speaking every chance you get, with classmates, the dog, or to yourself. Most successful language learners talk out loud to themselves regularly. Study with a classmate because you are much more likely to study actively when you study with a partner. Every lesson in this book contains activities that are best done in pairs. The book and materials give you several open-ended exercises that you can do more than once, each time differently. Prepare for active participation in class too: Anticipate what you will be doing and be ready by planning and rehearsing the things you can say and do beforehand.

Although most of your studies now are visually oriented, you learned your native language mainly through hearing and listening rather than through reading and writing. As children, most of us watched films and television programs and had the same stories read to us over and over, and this repetition helped us to learn our native language. Each time you watch and listen you can learn something new, whether it is the way a vowel sounds with this new consonant or the way words are put together in a new sentence. As adult learners we can speed up this process with visual material as well, but the more you can integrate sound and shape and associate the two together, the faster your progress to fluency in Arabic will proceed.

Engage more than one faculty at the same time: Repeat aloud while you are listening, and rather than write silently, say and repeat whatever you are writing out loud. VI I I Preface to the Student 3 Once is not enough. Listen to the audio and video material and practice writing the letters many times. Whether you are pronouncing new sounds, writing new letters, or studying vocabulary, you should repeat the activity until you can produce the sound or word comfortably and be able to "hear" it in your mind or write it in a shape that you are pleased with. Remember that you are training your brain and your muscles to do new things, and this takes practice.

Make the words you are learning relevant to your life by using them to talk about your world. Personalizing vocabulary is the fastest way to memorize it. Own the sounds too: Once you learn them, they are not foreign sounds, they belong to you. Language is cumulative, and while you are learning new words and expressions, it is important to integrate them with previously learned material. Pair up each new word with an old one. Using the new to review the old will take some organization, but it will pay off in greater fluency and accuracy. When you learn new words, take the opportunity to work on previously learned sounds. When you learn new letters, go back to old vocabulary to see if you can write any of them in Arabic script.

The idea is to have fun while building skills. Both entail lots of repetition and exercises that build mental and physical strength. Expect to feel tired occasionally. Being tired is a good sign—it means that you are concentrating and learning actively. Learning language requires exposure, time, and effort. The single most important factor in your success is your belief in your ability to learn Arabic. We wish you a successful and enjoyable learning experience! We ask that you, the instructor, read the Preface to the Student before reading this guide, that you have your students read it at home, and then discuss it with them in class so everyone understands the approach underlying the structure and contents of these materials.

It is crucial that you read through this entire book before teaching it so you can formulate your own vision of what the students can learn by the time they finish: What they will be able to read, write, and most importantly, say. This vision will affect the way you teach these materials. You also need to be well acquainted with the interactive materials that accompany this textbook, precisely because the students will be using them outside of class more than in class. Students will take their cue from you, the instructor, in the importance they attach to working with these materials and the way they approach them. The book is designed to work best with the companion website, www. com , which provides instant feedback to the at-home exercises that the students will complete. If either you or your students do not have reliable internet access, a DVD is included that contains all of the same audio and video material that is included on the website.

We encourage you to become familiar with all of the features of the website before you begin to teach. Alf Baa consists of ten units and English—Arabic and Arabic—English glossaries. Unit 1 provides an overview of Arabic, including the transliteration system that is used to introduce vocabulary that cannot yet be written in Arabic. In this third edition of Alf Baa, the transliteration system has increased importance because of our decision to introduce vocabulary according to its functionality, not spelling; that is, many words are introduced to the students to be actively learned before they can write them in Arabic.

Units 2 through 8 present the alphabet in groups that follow the modern Arabic order, with the exception that 3 and Ls are presented in unit 2. Each unit contains a number of recorded listening exercises and drills on the alphabet and sound system, including reading, writing, connecting letters, and dictation. Students should complete all of the listening exercises and writing practice exercises at home. In this edition many of the listening drills have been transformed into interactive, autocorrecting exercises that the students will also do at home. This will result in less correcting for the instructor but will increase the importance of the correcting you will do to make sure satisfactory progress is being made.

In describing the sounds, we have avoided technical descriptions, opting instead for a more practical approach that uses tips and exercises that focus on the points of articulation of the sounds. Following the description of each sound, we have provided a brief explanation about the writing of the corresponding letter that is meant to accompany the video showing calligrapher Sayyid El-Shinnawi drawing each of the letters.

Download Alif Baa 3rd Edition,

alif-baa-third-edition-download 1/1 Downloaded from blogger.com on August 22, by guest Alif Baa Third Edition Download Recognizing the mannerism As of October 1, , all audio and video must be accessed through the companion websites. COMPANION WEBSITE INFORMATION AND ACCESS To access the audio and videos for EDITION FORMAT: HARDCOVER To save Alif Baa: Introduction to Arabic Letters and Sounds, Third Edition Format: hardcover PDF, you should access the button listed below and Alif Baa 3rd Edition [6nq8j3kwo9nw] 16/12/ · Alif Baa. Related Sites. Webinar for Teaching Al-Kitaab 3rd Edition Reviews "Along with teaching the alphabet, this book prompts the students to start producing the Download PDF - Alif Baa 3rd Edition [6nq8j3kwo9nw]. Our Company. Columbia Road Wrangle Hill, DE + [email protected] ... read more

We can embrace this variety and richness of Arabic. Distinguishing between long and short vowels At home Listen to each pair of words and repeat several times until you can hear the difference between the long and short vowels. Of course, no textbook can take the place of a good teacher. It is a sign of warmth, welcome, and respect within the parameters of the extended family and in circles of good friends. In Listening Exercise 1, you can hear that the alif is a long vowel. The main philosophical principles that underlie the design of these materials can be summarized as follows: 1 Arabic is one language, rich in registers and varieties.

Notice that he connects the three dots as a caret. Another good exercise is to practice making a whirring sound: rrrrrrrrrr, alif baa 3rd edition pdf download. The vocabulary is introduced in formal Arabic as well as in two dialects, and you must choose which of these varieties you will ask students to activate. However, in handwriting, this letter and its sisters are connected in a different way than in print. rtt1-' my female dear, darling y;